Friday, May 23, 2008

20080522 "熱 島 效 應" (Heat Island Effect) 理 大分析衞星圖象 旺角全港最熱相差10°C 打鼓嶺最涼

【 本 報 訊 】 本 港 城 市 高 速 發 展 , 維 港 兩 岸 遍 佈 屏 風 樓 , 令 市 區 的 熱 島 效 應 更 趨 嚴 重 , 一 項 研 究 發 現 , 無 論 夏 季 或 冬 季 , 旺 角 是 全 港 最 炎 熱 的 地 區 , 新 界 打 鼓 嶺 則 是 全 港 最 涼 地 區 , 兩 者 溫 度 相 差 攝 氏 10 度 。 負 責 研 究 的 學 者 促 請 當 局 應 避 免 興 建 屏 風 樓 及 多 種 植 樹 木 , 改 善 市 區 的 熱 島 效 應 。
理 大 研 究 人 員 仔 細 分 析 衞 星 圖 象 , 並 於 黎 明 及 傍 晚 時 分 , 往 20 多 個 不 同 地 點 收 集 地 面 溫 度 。
研 究 發 現 , 本 港 市 區 與 新 界 郊 區 的 溫 度 , 在 冬 夏 兩 季 均 相 差 很 大 。 冬 季 晚 間 市 區 平 均 較 新 界 溫 度 高 攝 氏 7 至 8 度 ; 夏 季 晚 間 市 區 則 較 新 界 平 均 高 攝 氏 5 至 6 度 。 其 中 旺 角 是 全 港 最 炎 熱 的 地 區 , 其 次 是 銅 鑼 灣 , 全 港 最 涼 地 區 為 新 界 打 鼓 嶺 。
旺 角 是 全 港 最 熱 地 區 , 原 因 是 該 區 樓 宇 密 度 高 , 新 鮮 空 氣 未 能 進 入 , 而 且 人 為 釋 出 的 熱 氣 例 如 冷 氣 機 排 出 的 熱 氣 等 又 無 法 排 出 去 ; 加 上 近 年 維 港 沿 岸 的 填 海 區 高 樓 林 立 , 猶 如 一 道 屏 風 , 阻 擋 海 風 吹 入 市 中 心 , 進 一 步 加 速 旺 角 溫 度 上 升 。
林 嘉 仕 指 出 , 城 市 熱 島 效 應 可 能 直 接 影 響 市 民 的 健 康 , 尤 其 遇 到 熱 浪 時 , 熱 島 效 應 會 變 本 加 厲 。 根 據 外 國 研 究 發 現 , 市 區 氣 溫 每 提 高 攝 氏 1 度 , 由 蚊 引 致 的 傳 染 病 登 革 熱 及 瘧 疾 分 別 會 增 加 2% 及 6% 。
銅 鑼 灣 樓 高 車 多 及 人 多 , 散 熱 效 能 大 受 影 響
少 建 屏 風 樓 , 多 植 樹 木 及 建 水 池 可 減 少 熱 島 效 應
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Monday, May 19, 2008

20080519 Wen urges quake research, early warning to minimize casualties

BEIJING -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday urged scientists and experts to intensify the research on earthquake and provide better warnings.

Wen made the remark while presiding over a meeting of the earthquake relief headquarters of the State Council held at China Seismological Bureau (CSB).

Wen, also head of headquarters, called on Chinese scientists and experts to intensify the monitoring on aftershocks and provide reliable early warning information.

All seismological departments and observatories should make more measurements on possible aftershocks and analysis of their directions of development, Wen said.

The headquarters decided to establish a special committee consisting of seismological experts across the country for earthquake research and disaster relief.

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20080519 Nation in grief as quake toll hits 32,476

China on Monday began a three-day national mourning for the tens of thousands of people killed in a powerful earthquake which struck the country's southwest on May 12.

At 4:58 am, the national flag at the Tian'anmen Square in downtown Beijing flew at half-mast after a complete flag-raising ceremony.

China's national flag flies at half-mast after the flag-raising ceremony on Tian'anmen Square in Beijing Monday morning, May 19, 2008. China on Monday begins a three-day national mourning for the tens of thousands of people killed in a powerful earthquake which struck the country's southwest on May 12. [Xinhua]
The number of injured in magnitude 8.0 earthquake reached 220,109, it
said.

In Sichuan alone, a total of 32,173 people were killed as of 7 pm
on Sunday, the provincial government said on Monday morning..

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20080519 In grave grief, China mourns quake dead

Millions of people in China and overseas observed three minutes silence at 2:28 pm Monday to mourn thousands of people killed in an earthquake which hit the nation's on May 12.

It was exactly one week after the devastating 8.0-magnitude tremor hit Wenchuan County and its neighboring areas in southwest China's Sichuan Province, claiming 34,073 lives, 3,304 of them died in hospitals as of 12:00 am on Monday. Another 245,108 people were injured.

Rescuers pay tribute to those who died in a massive earthquake, in front of a clock which stopped at the time the earthquake hit, in the township of Hanwang in Mianzhu city, north of Chengdu in Sichuan Province May 19, 2008. A nation-wide ceremony was held on 14:28 on Monday, exactly one week after a massive earthquake hit Sichuan. [Agencies]

The three-minute remembrance is part of three-day national mourning for those who died in the killer earthquake.

National flags will fly at half mast,
the Olympic torch relay suspended
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Sunday, May 18, 2008

20080518 Agriculture Ministry: Earthquake damages crops

The earthquake in southwest China has seriously affected agricultural production in Sichuan and other disaster-hit regions, said a senior official from the Ministry of Agriculture on Saturday.

As the country's leading agricultural province, Sichuan provided six percent of
the nation's total grain output,
The quake, which also triggered landslides in the mountainous province, damaged
33,333 hectares of farmland, including more than 10,000 hectares of wheat and
rape and more than 20,000 hectares of vegetables in 13 worst-hit cities and
counties

As the disaster also destroyed irrigation systems in some areas, up to 100,000 hectares of rice paddies might have to be used to grow alternative crops, he said.

"A large amount of farming facilities, including more than 20,000 farm machines, were damaged," Wei said. He admitted the repair work would be "very difficult".

He said the 12.5 million heads of poultry and livestock killed in the quake were
mostly poultry.
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20080518 Magnitude 6 quake hits Sichuan

A strong aftershock, measuring 6 on the Richter scale, jolted Jiangyou City of southwest China's Sichuan Province at 1:08 am on Sunday, according to the China Earthquake Networks Center.

The epicenter of the latest temblor was located 32.1 degrees north latitude and 105 degrees east longitude, it said.

Jiangyou, a city in north Sichuan, is situated near Beichuan County and Mianyang City, places hardest hit by Monday's magnitude 7.8 earthquake.

The tremor was the latest strong quake monitored following more than 20 aftershocks above magnitude 5 that rocked the hardest-hit area in Sichuan. No casualty and damage in the area has been reported so far.

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20080518 13堰塞湖 (barrier lake/ avalanche lake) 形成 青川縣疏散


【明報專訊】地震帶來的山泥傾瀉及泥石流,令重災區一些河流出現水流堵塞,水位不斷抬高的「堰塞湖」現象,隨時崩潰。
記者獲悉,北川縣城北部附近的苦竹壩水電站上游因山泥傾瀉形成「堰塞湖」,可能發生崩塌水淹事故。災民跟隨軍人逃走,路上隨處都有民眾及救援隊員扔下的物品。

國土資源部公布,四川已形成13個堰塞湖,最大一處在青川縣,山泥形成約40至50米高的圍堰,蓄水量已經達1000多萬立方米,威脅當地2000多名災民。四川省國土資源廳專家表示,山泥堤壩土質鬆軟,決堤風險很大,若水位繼續上升,決堤後河水位會升高5米,後果不堪設想。

青川縣已緊急疏散下游居民,轉移到當地歷史最高洪水線以上位置。指揮部正會同國土資源和水利部門專家緊急研究炸堤倒洪方案,又或挖開水道放水減壓。